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Knowledge Gain: recent advances in our understanding of Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF)
CONSTRAIN has published a summary of recent advances in our understanding of Effective Radiative Forcing (ERF) and components of ERF. Global instantaneous radiative forcing (IRF) is assessed for the first time from satellite observations using radiative kernels, which provides direct evidence of the impact of anthropogenic activity on the Earth’s energy budget. In addition, there is strong evidence of a reversal in the negative trend of aerosol ERF, and the total ERF has increased and strengthened the top-of-atmosphere radiative imbalance.